5. When others, out of jealousy,
Mistreat me with abuse, slander and so on,
I will practice accepting defeat
And offering the victory to them.
This verse literally translates to: If someone is jealous of you and talking smack about you, you should learn to turn the other cheek and surrender to them. In today’s society, if one were to surrender to everybody that does wrong to them, he or she would be eaten up by people around them. However, I believe that this verse holds a significant, timeless lesson that we should not harbor hard feelings towards the person that slanders us out of jealousy. Instead, we should offer them the victory because their feeling of jealousy is, in a way, a compliment to us. Offering them the victory could be doing something like paying them a compliment or sharing some of your talent – or whatever they are jealous of you for – with them, like we discussed when Ven. Tenzin Kacho came to visit. To me, this verse is a reminder that we should not hate or mistreat those that may mistreat us. Take the higher road by ignoring their abuse or helping them out sharing what they envy most about you with them.
8. Without these practices being defiled by the stains of the eight worldly concerns,
By perceiving all phenomena as illusory,
I will practice without grasping to release all beings
From the bondage of the disturbing unsubdued mind and karma.
By practicing these verses, without being affected by the eight worldly concerns: pleasures/pain, loss/gain, fame/shame, and praise/blame, we could be released from the “disturbing, unsubdued mind and karma.” This concluding verse simply informs us that by taking heed of these verses, we can be enlightened if we are not affected by the concerns of the world. By not desiring pleasure or fearing pain; by not caring about loss or gain; by not being affected by shame or wanting fame; by not trying to gain praise and rid blame, you can become enlightened. Being enlightened in this sense is being above worldly concerns. I think that the line “I will practice…to release all beings” means that when a person practices these eight verses, he or she can teach others to do so as well so that they can be free from the “disturbing unsubdued mind,” which represents the worldly concerns. And being free from karma means being free from the ties to the world. Anyways, to make it short, this last verse tells us that by taking heed of these eight verses of thought transformation, one can become closer to achieving enlightenment.
- Secretary Vivien
Tuesday, December 1, 2009
Reactions to the 8 Verses of Thought Transformation and 5 Remembrances
5. When others, out of jealousy,
Mistreat me with abuse, slander and so on,
I will practice accepting defeat
And offering the victory to them.
Every time I read this verse, I always contemplate what it means to “practice accepting defeat” and “offering the victory”. Does it mean to accept what they have said and move on or to simply just avoid and ignore them altogether? For example, if somebody insults or abuses me, I would get angry but get over it or ignore what they have said, because I believe I should be the “bigger” person by not saying or doing anything at all. Does that mean I have accepted defeat and offered them the victory because I have decided to not “fight” back? If the answer is “yes”, then I think “accepting defeat” and “offering the victory to them” mean to let go of your ego by not getting angry and retaliating when somebody talks bad about you.
6. When someone I have benefited
And in whom I have placed great trust
Hurts me very badly,
I will practice seeing that person as my supreme teacher.
If somebody I have helped and trusted betrayed or backstabbed me, I would get angry and would definitely never see that person as “my supreme teacher”. Hence it's very hard for me to practice this, but what does it really mean to be one's supreme teacher? For instance, is the person a supreme teacher because he/she is teaching us to be accepting and patient instead of being furious? If so, I think “seeing that person as my supreme teacher” means to be patient and to learn that nobody is perfect because they are just normal people like us.
These two verses definitely relate with each other because they both deal with people hurting you and learning to let go and be patient. Thus to me, they are very hard to accomplish but I know they will be extremely valuable when I do though. So I just want to thank Venerable Tenzin Kacho for introducing and discussing these 8 Verses of Thought Transformation with us.
- Treasurer Lisa
Mistreat me with abuse, slander and so on,
I will practice accepting defeat
And offering the victory to them.
Every time I read this verse, I always contemplate what it means to “practice accepting defeat” and “offering the victory”. Does it mean to accept what they have said and move on or to simply just avoid and ignore them altogether? For example, if somebody insults or abuses me, I would get angry but get over it or ignore what they have said, because I believe I should be the “bigger” person by not saying or doing anything at all. Does that mean I have accepted defeat and offered them the victory because I have decided to not “fight” back? If the answer is “yes”, then I think “accepting defeat” and “offering the victory to them” mean to let go of your ego by not getting angry and retaliating when somebody talks bad about you.
6. When someone I have benefited
And in whom I have placed great trust
Hurts me very badly,
I will practice seeing that person as my supreme teacher.
If somebody I have helped and trusted betrayed or backstabbed me, I would get angry and would definitely never see that person as “my supreme teacher”. Hence it's very hard for me to practice this, but what does it really mean to be one's supreme teacher? For instance, is the person a supreme teacher because he/she is teaching us to be accepting and patient instead of being furious? If so, I think “seeing that person as my supreme teacher” means to be patient and to learn that nobody is perfect because they are just normal people like us.
These two verses definitely relate with each other because they both deal with people hurting you and learning to let go and be patient. Thus to me, they are very hard to accomplish but I know they will be extremely valuable when I do though. So I just want to thank Venerable Tenzin Kacho for introducing and discussing these 8 Verses of Thought Transformation with us.
- Treasurer Lisa
Reactions to the 8 Verses of Thought Transformation and 5 Remembrances
3. In all actions I will examine my mind
And the moment a disturbing attitude arises,
Endangering myself and others,
I will firmly confront and avert it.
My mind has both the power to heal and harm others as well as myself. I must avoid distress by maintaining an internal peace. The phrase “confront and AVERT” is odd because those two actions are usually for different intentions. “Confront” would naturally seems to pair with “counter” or “dominate.” The use of aversion suits a buddhist’s tongue as a more pacifist action. To avert the attitude would respect its existence within the mind as a natural feeling.
4. Whenever I meet a person of bad nature
Who is overwhelmed by negative energy and intense suffering,
I will hold such a rare one dear,
As if I had found a precious treasure.
I must be assuming that no one would normally face such calamity, given that one such person is so rare. He or she must be facing these negativities through his or her own pessimism and habit. Possibly, my considerations and concerns for that person will bring some comfort and light, and the comfort will change his or her attitude and aura.
-Publicist Robert
And the moment a disturbing attitude arises,
Endangering myself and others,
I will firmly confront and avert it.
My mind has both the power to heal and harm others as well as myself. I must avoid distress by maintaining an internal peace. The phrase “confront and AVERT” is odd because those two actions are usually for different intentions. “Confront” would naturally seems to pair with “counter” or “dominate.” The use of aversion suits a buddhist’s tongue as a more pacifist action. To avert the attitude would respect its existence within the mind as a natural feeling.
4. Whenever I meet a person of bad nature
Who is overwhelmed by negative energy and intense suffering,
I will hold such a rare one dear,
As if I had found a precious treasure.
I must be assuming that no one would normally face such calamity, given that one such person is so rare. He or she must be facing these negativities through his or her own pessimism and habit. Possibly, my considerations and concerns for that person will bring some comfort and light, and the comfort will change his or her attitude and aura.
-Publicist Robert
Wednesday, November 25, 2009
Reactions to the 8 Verses of Thought Transformation and 5 Remembrances
1. With the thought of attaining enlightenment
For the welfare of all beings,
Who are more precious than a wish-fulfilling jewel,
I will constantly practice holding them dear.
In verse one we are reminded to treasure those we meet, and to seek enlightenment for their well-being. When I first learned about Buddhism, to be honest, I did not think about this very much. I wanted to become enlightened for myself. I wanted to become enlightened to gain my own freedom from suffering. I think you could call this a lesser vow, even if it is still a very wonderful one to have. As I grew and learned more, I realized that we can never really free ourselves from dependence upon others and the presence of others. Even while struggling for my own personal success, I was using the teachings of a great number of compassionate Buddhas. As I grew it occurred to me that helping others is a joyful experience. Since we are never really alone, after attaining some proficiency in the Dharma, we should strive to help our brothers and sisters who are also struggling to find happiness and peace in life. This is just what I feel is right and good to do.
3. In all actions I will examine my mind
And the moment a disturbing attitude arises,
Endangering myself and others,
I will firmly confront and avert it.
In verse three, we are reminded to be aware of our ever-changing mind, confronting what destructive unwholesome thoughts that arise. For Hinayana practitioners this is no different than practicing right-view, right-speech, right-action, right-mindfulness, and so forth. For Mayahana and Ekayana practitioners, this practice will lead one to perfecting one’s patience, diligence, and mindfulness, as one continuously masters their mind. I have not reached the point where I can guard my mind at all times, as is asked in this verse, but I do have a story to relate.
While working at a grocery store in the past, most of my coworkers and managers treated me very kindly. However, one manager would often give me trouble or scold me when I had not even made a mistake. I think we have all had someone in our life like this some time. I almost got frustrated with him over time, but I saw this frustration in my mind and took a step back. Perhaps he was just trying to help me be a very strong worker, or perhaps he had a difficult life. It wouldn’t be right for me to just dislike him when I barely knew him. Instead of getting frustrated, I worked harder and tried to be friends with him. After knowing each other for some time, he let me know a bit about his life. He let me know that he had to come to the store at 3am or 5am very often, and, to make matters worse, he had a very complex and difficult family situation. Hearing his story helped me realize that we should not jump to conclusions or let other people frustrate us too soon. He was actually a very nice guy, he was just a little rough around the edges because life had been a bit rough to him. The lesson is this, take hold of your frustration and difficult thoughts! We are so much greater than they are, even if they are in a way a part of us.
- President Joseph Hennessee, Nov. 2009
Saturday, November 14, 2009
Reactions to the 8 Verses of Thought Transformation and 5 Remembrances
7. In short, I will offer directly and indirectly
Every benefit and happiness to all beings, my mothers.
I will practice in secret taking upon myself
All their harmful actions and sufferings.
My interpretation of the meaning: Coming from a Roman Catholic point of view, I interpret this verse as something somewhat similar to “turning the other cheek”. Whenever there is someone suffering and imposing their suffering onto myself or another, I should be able to “take a step back” and see that they don’t really mean to be so awful to myself or that other person; but instead they are hurting from an unknown source of suffering. I should be able to understand that and wish/pray that their unhappiness will turn into some aspect of joy and happiness. We all revere our mothers (I hope) and in turn if we offer the same reverence to one another, there is no reason why we shouldn’t receive kindness from one another (and achieve world peace!).
THE FIVE REMEMBRANCES
I am of the nature to grow old. There is no way to escape growing old.
I am of the nature to have ill health. There is no way to escape having ill health.
I am of the nature to die. There is no way to escape death.
All that is dear to me and everyone I love are of the nature to change. There is no escape being separated from them.
My deeds are my closest companions. I am the beneficiary of my deeds. My deeds are the ground on which I stand.
When Venerable Tenzin Kacho did a short meditation on the Five Remembrances, I remember becoming very sad and attached to the idea of Life. Personally, I am the type to attach onto things whether they are ideas or physical objects or people. By turning to Buddhism, I am trying to detach myself from my attachments – these were the thoughts that were running through my mind:
I am of the nature to grow old. There is no way to escape growing old.
In today’s society, there is a growing pattern of trying to hold on to staying as youthful as possible. The younger generation is featured more often on any type of advertisement possible. The fountain of youth in popular culture can be interpreted as going to a plastic surgeon and getting facelifts and injecting toxins such as Botox into the skin in an effort to “maintain a youthful appearance.” While one can fight the signs of aging as much as possible, there really is no way to escape from the reality forever. Forgetfulness will creep up sooner or later and Botox will eventually stop working.
I am of the nature to have ill health. There is no way to escape having ill health.
The modern day’s response to this would be the physical appearance of a hospital. While hospitals are the place where the general population goes to “cure/treat” ill health, one can never escape this reality. Especially when one grows older, ill health is very much a part of life.
I am of the nature to die. There is no way to escape death.
When Venerable Tenzin Kacho said this, there was a red flag that went up in my mind. While I KNOW that death can happen at any time to anyone, I am still very much attached to the idea of living on past 80 (women in America are living past 80 now!) ß See what I mean?.. When Shakyamuni Buddha went out of his palace on his few trips, he saw these three “horrors” that plighted civilization: old age, ill health, and death. These are the reasons why he chose to become an ascetic in order overcome these “horrors”. This is why we (whether Buddhists or not) should be able to come to terms with these concepts and accept them.
All that is dear to me and everyone I love are of the nature to change. There is no escape being separated from them.
“The only thing that remains constant is change” was a phrase that Venerable Tenzin Kacho told us. I very much agree with this statement. Due to a variety of reasons, people do come in and out of our lives, and as redundant and mundane we may think our lives are, there is always something different happening at any given time.
My deeds are my closest companions. I am the beneficiary of my deeds. My deeds are the ground on which I stand.
My mother has also told me when I was a child that the one thing that would define me later, were the friends that I held near and dear to my heart. As much as my parents and family can try to shape and form me to be a great person, it would be my friends and other people who I am going to be in more close contact with who will shape and define who I am as a person. With this in mind, I have tried very hard to surround myself with wonderful people who will influence my actions (hopefully great actions). I do sincerely believe that if I help others and if I am as kind as I can possibly be to everyone, that goodness and kindness will one day be offered to me.
- Activities Coordinator Vienna
Every benefit and happiness to all beings, my mothers.
I will practice in secret taking upon myself
All their harmful actions and sufferings.
My interpretation of the meaning: Coming from a Roman Catholic point of view, I interpret this verse as something somewhat similar to “turning the other cheek”. Whenever there is someone suffering and imposing their suffering onto myself or another, I should be able to “take a step back” and see that they don’t really mean to be so awful to myself or that other person; but instead they are hurting from an unknown source of suffering. I should be able to understand that and wish/pray that their unhappiness will turn into some aspect of joy and happiness. We all revere our mothers (I hope) and in turn if we offer the same reverence to one another, there is no reason why we shouldn’t receive kindness from one another (and achieve world peace!).
THE FIVE REMEMBRANCES
I am of the nature to grow old. There is no way to escape growing old.
I am of the nature to have ill health. There is no way to escape having ill health.
I am of the nature to die. There is no way to escape death.
All that is dear to me and everyone I love are of the nature to change. There is no escape being separated from them.
My deeds are my closest companions. I am the beneficiary of my deeds. My deeds are the ground on which I stand.
When Venerable Tenzin Kacho did a short meditation on the Five Remembrances, I remember becoming very sad and attached to the idea of Life. Personally, I am the type to attach onto things whether they are ideas or physical objects or people. By turning to Buddhism, I am trying to detach myself from my attachments – these were the thoughts that were running through my mind:
I am of the nature to grow old. There is no way to escape growing old.
In today’s society, there is a growing pattern of trying to hold on to staying as youthful as possible. The younger generation is featured more often on any type of advertisement possible. The fountain of youth in popular culture can be interpreted as going to a plastic surgeon and getting facelifts and injecting toxins such as Botox into the skin in an effort to “maintain a youthful appearance.” While one can fight the signs of aging as much as possible, there really is no way to escape from the reality forever. Forgetfulness will creep up sooner or later and Botox will eventually stop working.
I am of the nature to have ill health. There is no way to escape having ill health.
The modern day’s response to this would be the physical appearance of a hospital. While hospitals are the place where the general population goes to “cure/treat” ill health, one can never escape this reality. Especially when one grows older, ill health is very much a part of life.
I am of the nature to die. There is no way to escape death.
When Venerable Tenzin Kacho said this, there was a red flag that went up in my mind. While I KNOW that death can happen at any time to anyone, I am still very much attached to the idea of living on past 80 (women in America are living past 80 now!) ß See what I mean?.. When Shakyamuni Buddha went out of his palace on his few trips, he saw these three “horrors” that plighted civilization: old age, ill health, and death. These are the reasons why he chose to become an ascetic in order overcome these “horrors”. This is why we (whether Buddhists or not) should be able to come to terms with these concepts and accept them.
All that is dear to me and everyone I love are of the nature to change. There is no escape being separated from them.
“The only thing that remains constant is change” was a phrase that Venerable Tenzin Kacho told us. I very much agree with this statement. Due to a variety of reasons, people do come in and out of our lives, and as redundant and mundane we may think our lives are, there is always something different happening at any given time.
My deeds are my closest companions. I am the beneficiary of my deeds. My deeds are the ground on which I stand.
My mother has also told me when I was a child that the one thing that would define me later, were the friends that I held near and dear to my heart. As much as my parents and family can try to shape and form me to be a great person, it would be my friends and other people who I am going to be in more close contact with who will shape and define who I am as a person. With this in mind, I have tried very hard to surround myself with wonderful people who will influence my actions (hopefully great actions). I do sincerely believe that if I help others and if I am as kind as I can possibly be to everyone, that goodness and kindness will one day be offered to me.
- Activities Coordinator Vienna
Monday, November 9, 2009
Reactions to the 8 Verses of Thought Transformation and 5 Remembrances
2.Whenever I am with others,
I will practice seeing myself as the lowest of all,
And from the very depth of my heart
I will respectfully hold others as supreme.
What I think the meaning is: Essentially, I believe the meaning is for people to treat others with a humble and respectful attitude. My reaction: It wasn't hard for me to formulate a reaction when I read this. By treating others as supreme, or in other words, better than you, smarter than you, more capable than you, and in all ways, better than you(regardless if it is true or not), you'll be treated kindly in response. By showing people that you won't ever talk down, condescend, or belittle them, they will most likely treat you in the same manner.
4. Whenever I meet a person of bad nature
Who is overwhelmed by negative energy and intense suffering,
I will hold such a rare one dear,
As if I had found a precious treasure.
What I think the meaning is: In a nutshell, I believe this verse states that we should help people who cling onto negative emotions (such as the talk that Venerable Jian Liao gave about anger).My Reaction: I thought of Vienna when I read this LOL (Don't mention this hahahha). Reading this verse reminded me of an aspect of Christianity. Although I am not very familiar with the religion at all, I have heard that there are some Christians who try to convert people to their religion in their attempt to "save" others from going to hell. With a view like this, it isn't difficult to imagine that they see all nonchristians as people of "bad nature" or "overwhelmed with negative energy". Anyway, similar to their view, I agreed with this verse because of the fact that any negative emotion/energy/suffering/etc isn't desirable. And a proper response would be to alleviate this negativeness. By holding someone of this nature as one would hold a precious treasure would enable one to liberate a person of this negative energy.
I will practice seeing myself as the lowest of all,
And from the very depth of my heart
I will respectfully hold others as supreme.
What I think the meaning is: Essentially, I believe the meaning is for people to treat others with a humble and respectful attitude. My reaction: It wasn't hard for me to formulate a reaction when I read this. By treating others as supreme, or in other words, better than you, smarter than you, more capable than you, and in all ways, better than you(regardless if it is true or not), you'll be treated kindly in response. By showing people that you won't ever talk down, condescend, or belittle them, they will most likely treat you in the same manner.
4. Whenever I meet a person of bad nature
Who is overwhelmed by negative energy and intense suffering,
I will hold such a rare one dear,
As if I had found a precious treasure.
What I think the meaning is: In a nutshell, I believe this verse states that we should help people who cling onto negative emotions (such as the talk that Venerable Jian Liao gave about anger).My Reaction: I thought of Vienna when I read this LOL (Don't mention this hahahha). Reading this verse reminded me of an aspect of Christianity. Although I am not very familiar with the religion at all, I have heard that there are some Christians who try to convert people to their religion in their attempt to "save" others from going to hell. With a view like this, it isn't difficult to imagine that they see all nonchristians as people of "bad nature" or "overwhelmed with negative energy". Anyway, similar to their view, I agreed with this verse because of the fact that any negative emotion/energy/suffering/etc isn't desirable. And a proper response would be to alleviate this negativeness. By holding someone of this nature as one would hold a precious treasure would enable one to liberate a person of this negative energy.
-- Webmaster Peter
Saturday, October 31, 2009
Reactions to the 8 Verses of Thought Transformation and 5 Remembrances
1. With the thought of attaining enlightenment
For the welfare of all beings,
Who are more precious than a wish-fulfilling jewel,
I will constantly practice holding them dear.
2. Whenever I am with others
I will practice seeing myself as the lowest of all,
And from the very depth of my heart
I will respectfully hold others as supreme
One of the things that Venerable Tenzin Kacho talked about when she came and shared the Dharma with the association was the idea that perhaps these Buddhist texts that we study today seem better applicable to ancient history than they do to modern times. Certainly, our circumstances within the university environment are different from those that existed in ancient Tibet where the “8 Verses of Thought Transformation” were born. And yet, there must be something to these verses that made them worth preserving over time. Since words have always had a timeless quality to them, I think that writing and contemplating the meaning of these verses is well worth this association’s invaluable time and effort. Indeed, the verses had a ring of truth to them right from the start but it is generation after generation of engagement and reflections that truly make a text come alive. This activity is also where we find our own voices, our heritage, lineage and vision for the future.
Ever since I recognized in myself a deep interest in the Dharma, what drew me the most was the teaching that what we do must be for the “welfare of all beings.” I know I can’t be everything to everyone but I can always be something worthwhile to someone even if that someone turns out to be myself. I hated high school but I always liked to write and would help my friends with essays when I got the chance. In looking back, I know that I was often taken advantage of and I remember thinking that the work that I did for others would cause me nothing but anguish in the end. Even today, as my friends sit tight at Berkeley as stressed out bio majors (Bio sucks, obviously), they ask me for help. Somehow then, they are my “wish-fulfilling jewel” who are to provide me with every need? My writing has improved because of them ( I hope) but only time will tell if I will be able to “hold them dear” as the teachings say.
I think the same sentiments go for the vow “I will respectfully hold others as supreme.” It was brought up in the meeting that perhaps the American spin on this verse would be to ‘hold others equal to myself’. I don’t think the modern spin is nearly as powerful a tool as the original since the aim is to shift the focus from myself to others. There is certainly a difference between arrogance and self-confidence when we try to put these teachings to use.
The Lotus Sutra records the story of a practitioner who would bow to everyone declaring them future Buddhas. People would throw objects at him and tease him, but he would merely run to get away, then turn back and bow once more. This practitioner turns out to be Shakyamuni Buddha in a past lifetime. The haters become his disciples, attendants, and followers. The Buddha gets his revenge and becomes triumphant (in a peaceful way, of course).
-- VP Alex
For the welfare of all beings,
Who are more precious than a wish-fulfilling jewel,
I will constantly practice holding them dear.
2. Whenever I am with others
I will practice seeing myself as the lowest of all,
And from the very depth of my heart
I will respectfully hold others as supreme
One of the things that Venerable Tenzin Kacho talked about when she came and shared the Dharma with the association was the idea that perhaps these Buddhist texts that we study today seem better applicable to ancient history than they do to modern times. Certainly, our circumstances within the university environment are different from those that existed in ancient Tibet where the “8 Verses of Thought Transformation” were born. And yet, there must be something to these verses that made them worth preserving over time. Since words have always had a timeless quality to them, I think that writing and contemplating the meaning of these verses is well worth this association’s invaluable time and effort. Indeed, the verses had a ring of truth to them right from the start but it is generation after generation of engagement and reflections that truly make a text come alive. This activity is also where we find our own voices, our heritage, lineage and vision for the future.
Ever since I recognized in myself a deep interest in the Dharma, what drew me the most was the teaching that what we do must be for the “welfare of all beings.” I know I can’t be everything to everyone but I can always be something worthwhile to someone even if that someone turns out to be myself. I hated high school but I always liked to write and would help my friends with essays when I got the chance. In looking back, I know that I was often taken advantage of and I remember thinking that the work that I did for others would cause me nothing but anguish in the end. Even today, as my friends sit tight at Berkeley as stressed out bio majors (Bio sucks, obviously), they ask me for help. Somehow then, they are my “wish-fulfilling jewel” who are to provide me with every need? My writing has improved because of them ( I hope) but only time will tell if I will be able to “hold them dear” as the teachings say.
I think the same sentiments go for the vow “I will respectfully hold others as supreme.” It was brought up in the meeting that perhaps the American spin on this verse would be to ‘hold others equal to myself’. I don’t think the modern spin is nearly as powerful a tool as the original since the aim is to shift the focus from myself to others. There is certainly a difference between arrogance and self-confidence when we try to put these teachings to use.
The Lotus Sutra records the story of a practitioner who would bow to everyone declaring them future Buddhas. People would throw objects at him and tease him, but he would merely run to get away, then turn back and bow once more. This practitioner turns out to be Shakyamuni Buddha in a past lifetime. The haters become his disciples, attendants, and followers. The Buddha gets his revenge and becomes triumphant (in a peaceful way, of course).
-- VP Alex
Sunday, October 25, 2009
ZEN talk
Exploring the Lotus
A seminar on the Lotus Sutra by Dr. Brook Ziporyn of Northwestern University
For over a thousand years, the Lotus Sutra has been inspiring, illuminating, and guiding many individuals to peace and compassion. Everyone is welcome to join in our search for the Buddha's wisdom.
When: Oct 31, 09 - Nov 1, 09
Where: Dr. White Room of the UCI Cross Cultural Center
For more information: CLICK HERE
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